WHAT IS WATERSHED?
Watersheds are areas of land in which rain and water sources drain into distinct outlets. For instance, streams in one watershed may all drain into a river, and in another watershed they head into a bay. Watersheds run the gamut in size, from relatively small to tremendous. They connect – large watersheds contain various smaller watersheds. Delineation usually occurs by the separation of watersheds by hills or mountains.
Watersheds are everywhere. They consist of surface water, including:
• Lakes
• Reservoirs
• Streams
• Wetlands
They also consist of groundwater. Watersheds collect precipitation, whether in the form of rain, snow, or ice. Precipitation falling on dry ground infiltrates the soil, with some eventually ending up in underground aquifers.
Healthy watersheds are critical for plant and animal life. Such health means that wetlands and vegetation support biodiversity by providing food and habitat. Because healthy watersheds are capable of carbon sequestration, they play a crucial role in combatting climate change. While climate change is responsible for changing precipitation patterns, a healthy watershed can better adapt to these changes. In addition, an ecosystem functioning naturally aids native species and is less likely to fall prey to invasive species, whether plant, animal, or insect.